Which of the following best describes a resilient ecosystem?

A resilient ecosystem is best described as one that can adapt and recover after disturbances. Resilience in ecological terms refers to the ability of an ecosystem to withstand stress, such as natural disasters, human impacts, or other changes, and to return to its original state or function. This characteristic is essential for maintaining ecological balance and ensuring the persistence of ecosystems in the face of environmental variations or challenges.

An ecosystem that adapts and recovers effectively demonstrates healthy interactions amongst its biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components, allowing it to retain functionality and structural integrity. This ability to bounce back from disturbances is crucial for ecosystem services, which include clean water, air purification, and habitat provision, all of which are vital for biodiversity and human welfare.

In contrast, ecosystems that do not change over time tend to be static and may not be able to cope with disturbances, making them less resilient. Likewise, those with high levels of pollution or low species diversity typically experience reduced resilience, as both factors can lead to a diminished capacity for recovery and adaptation. Collectively, these differences illuminate why the ability to adapt and recover is a fundamental aspect of a resilient ecosystem.