What process explains high decay rates observed in desert environments?

The correct choice is photodegradation, which refers to the breakdown of organic materials through the action of sunlight. In desert environments, high levels of solar radiation can facilitate photodegradation processes, leading to rapid decomposition of organic matter. In these arid conditions, where moisture is limited, traditional microbial decomposition is often slower due to the reduced activity of microorganisms. However, the intense light and heat can cause chemical changes in organic compounds, breaking them down more quickly than they would be by microbial processes alone.

This aspect of photodegradation is crucial in understanding how desert ecosystems manage organic matter and nutrient cycling, especially since moisture levels can severely limit the effectiveness of other decomposition processes. In this way, photodegradation is particularly significant in desert environments, highlighting the adaptations and responses of ecological systems to extreme conditions.