What phenomenon increases biodiversity along ecosystem boundaries?

The phenomenon that increases biodiversity along ecosystem boundaries is known as the edge effect. This concept refers to the increased variety of species and organisms found at the intersection of two or more ecosystems. When different habitats meet, such as a forest bordering a grassland or a river next to a meadow, the transition zones, or edges, often provide unique environmental conditions and resources. These areas may have a greater diversity of plants and animals because they offer opportunities and niches that are not present in the interior of either habitat.

For example, edge areas can have different microclimates, light exposure, and availability of food, making them attractive to a wider range of species. The increased availability of resources and habitats can support a higher number of individuals and species, thus enhancing biodiversity.

In contrast, biomagnification refers to the accumulation of toxins in the tissues of living organisms, which does not directly relate to biodiversity. Habitat fragmentation typically leads to decreased biodiversity by isolating species and reducing their habitats. Invasive species can disrupt existing ecosystems and may lead to a loss of native biodiversity rather than an increase.