What is an example of apparent competition?

Apparent competition occurs when two species do not directly compete for resources but are linked by a common predator or parasite that negatively impacts both. In this scenario, the presence of the shared predator affects the populations of both species, leading to competitive dynamics that are mediated through predation rather than direct competition for food or other resources.

When two species share a predator, as mentioned in the context of the correct choice, an increase in one species' population may lead to an increase in the predator's population, which can subsequently result in higher predation pressure on the other species. This ultimately creates a situation where both species experience negative impacts due to their mutual relationship with the same predator, illustrating the concept of apparent competition.

The other options, while referencing different ecological relationships, do not correctly define apparent competition. For instance, mutual benefits from shared resources, facilitative relationships with invasive species, and positive interactions through nutrient sharing pertain to cooperative or beneficial interactions rather than the competitive dynamics that characterize apparent competition.