What does the "edge effect" refer to in ecology?

The concept of the "edge effect" in ecology refers to the phenomenon where the boundaries between two different ecosystems exhibit heightened levels of biodiversity compared to the interior of each ecosystem. This occurs because the edge habitat often combines characteristics of both ecosystems, providing a variety of niches and resources that support a wider array of species.

The increased light, moisture variation, and availability of different resources allow for both generalist and specialist species to thrive. This dynamic environment encourages biodiversity as species from adjacent ecosystems can interact, reproduce, and establish populations at these borders, leading to a richer biological community than might be found in isolated habitats.

Understanding the edge effect is important for conservation and land management, as these areas can be crucial for biodiversity, influencing habitat creation, predator-prey relationships, and overall ecosystem health.