What distinguishes a food chain from a food web?

A food chain is characterized by its linear representation of energy transfer through different trophic levels, showing how energy flows from one organism to another in a straightforward manner. It typically outlines a single pathway in which primary producers, such as plants, are consumed by primary consumers like herbivores, which are then consumed by secondary consumers, like carnivores. This linear structure allows for a clear understanding of how energy is transferred from one organism to the next.

In contrast, a food web consists of multiple interconnected food chains, capturing the complexity and variety of interactions within an ecosystem. It reflects the reality that many organisms consume and are consumed by multiple species, leading to a more intricate and holistic view of energy flow in an ecosystem. Thus, while the food chain is simpler and more linear, the food web provides a broader understanding of ecological relationships.